“Ala. university fires biology professor accused of ... - Minneapolis Star Tribune” plus 3 more |
- Ala. university fires biology professor accused of ... - Minneapolis Star Tribune
- Scientists discover 600 million-year-old origins of vision - PhysOrg
- Family Genome Reveals Parents Give Kids Fewer Gene ... - Redorbit.com
- Institute for Systems Biology Uses Complete Genomics ... - Genetic Engineering News
| Ala. university fires biology professor accused of ... - Minneapolis Star Tribune Posted: 11 Mar 2010 08:15 AM PST HUNTSVILLE, Ala. - The University of Alabama in Huntsville has fired the professor accused of shooting six co-workers, killing three. University spokesman Ray Garner confirmed Thursday that biology professor Amy Bishop received a termination letter Feb. 26 from Jack Fix, dean of the College of Sciences. It didn't give a reason for her dismissal. The firing was effective Feb. 12, the day three professors were killed and two professors and a staff member wounded during a faculty meeting. Bishop is jailed awaiting a hearing on capital murder and attempted murder charges. Also Thursday, a Massachusetts district attorney said a judge has scheduled an inquest April 13 through 16 into the 1986 shooting death of Bishop's brother. It was originally ruled an accident, but new information has emerged since the Alabama shooting. Five Filters featured article: Chilcot Inquiry. Available tools: PDF Newspaper, Full Text RSS, Term Extraction. |
| Scientists discover 600 million-year-old origins of vision - PhysOrg Posted: 11 Mar 2010 12:47 PM PST Scientists discover 600 million-year-old origins of visionMarch 11, 2010 This is a hydra, an ancient sea creature that flourishes today. Credit: Todd Oakley, UCSB By studying the hydra, a member of an ancient group of sea creatures that is still flourishing, scientists at UC Santa Barbara have made a discovery in understanding the origins of human vision. The finding is published in this week's issue of the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, a British journal of biology. Hydra are simple animals that, along with jellyfish, belong to the phylum cnidaria. Cnidarians first emerged 600 million years ago. "We determined which genetic 'gateway,' or ion channel, in the hydra is involved in light sensitivity," said senior author Todd H. Oakley, assistant professor in UCSB's Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology. "This is the same gateway that is used in human vision." Oakley explained that there are many genes involved in vision, and that there is an ion channel gene responsible for starting the neural impulse of vision. This gene controls the entrance and exit of ions; i.e., it acts as a gateway. The gene, called opsin, is present in vision among vertebrate animals, and is responsible for a different way of seeing than that of animals like flies. The vision of insects emerged later than the visual machinery found in hydra and vertebrate animals. "This work picks up on earlier studies of the hydra in my lab, and continues to challenge the misunderstanding that evolution represents a ladder-like march of progress, with humans at the pinnacle," said Oakley. "Instead, it illustrates how all organisms -- humans included -- are a complex mix of ancient and new characteristics." Provided by University of California - Santa Barbara (news : web)
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| Family Genome Reveals Parents Give Kids Fewer Gene ... - Redorbit.com Posted: 11 Mar 2010 08:00 AM PST Posted on: Thursday, 11 March 2010, 10:05 CST Landmark study is first to look at genome of all family members Researchers at the University of Utah and other institutions have sequenced for the first time the entire genome of a family, enabling them to accurately estimate the average rate at which parents pass genetic mutations to their offspring and also identify precise locations where parental chromosomes exchange information that creates new combinations of genetic traits in their children. Led by scientists at the Seattle-based Institute for Systems Biology, the study, published Thursday, March 11, 2010 in Science Express, sequenced the entire genome of a family of four—the parents, daughter, and son. By comparing the parents' DNA sequences to those of their children, the researchers estimated with a high degree of certainty that each parent passes 30 mutations—for a total of 60—to their offspring. Scientists long had estimated that each parent passes 75 gene mutations to their children. "That's the kind of power you get from looking at the whole genome," said Lynn B. Jorde, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Human Genetics at the University of Utah School of Medicine. "The mutation rate was less than half of what we'd thought." Genetic Clock Most mutations, as far as medical researchers know, have no consequence for a child's health. But knowing the rate at which parents send on mutations to their offspring is critical information, according to Jorde. "The mutation rate is our clock, and every time it ticks we have a new genetic variant," he said. "We need to know how fast the clock ticks." Everybody has about 22,000 genes, which contain the genetic blueprint for human life. This blueprint, called DNA, comprises more than 3 billion "base pairs" that determine genetic makeup. In1990, scientists worldwide began assembling the entire sequence of base pairs in all 22,000 human genes, a process called sequencing. When they completed the project in 2003, the scientists had put together the complete picture of the proper sequence of base pairs in the human genome. When Jorde and the Science study's senior author, David J. Galas, Ph.D., of the Institute of Systems Biology, were discussing the idea of sequencing the genome of an entire family, they decided to look for one with known genetic disorders. A family of four turned out to be right for the study. Although the parents had no genetic abnormalities, they each carried recessive genes that resulted in their son and daughter being born with two extremely rare conditions – Miller's syndrome and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). Miller's syndrome, a disorder characterized by facial and limb malformations, is thought to occur in perhaps one in 1 million people and has been diagnosed in only two families in the world, along with a few sporadic other cases. PCD is a condition in which the tiny hair-like structures that are supposed to move mucus out of airways in the lungs do not function. The chances of having PCD are estimated at one in 10,000. The odds of someone having both PCD and Miller's syndrome are less than one in 10 billion, according to Jorde. By comparing the variants in the children's DNA sequences with the Human Genome Project and other public databases, the researchers confirmed an earlier study that identified four candidate gene mutations for causing each disorder. Gene Mutation Rate Genetic mutations are passed to offspring when base pairs of DNA are altered in the genome. A Mountain View, Calif., company, Complete Genomics, used new, high-powered technology to sequence the genomes of each family member. Then, using the DNA sequence established by the Human Genome Project as a reference, Chad D. Huff, Ph.D., a post-doctoral fellow in Jorde's lab and co-first author on the study, compared the family's DNA base pair sequences to those established by the Human Genome Project. "Comparing the family's sequences to the Human Genome Project allowed us to screen out potential errors in the DNA sequencing process," Jorde said. "To estimate the mutation rate, we compared the parents' sequences with those of their children. Differences in the sequences that were not caused by sequencing errors were caused by mutations." From this, Huff estimated the number of gene mutations each parent gives their child. This rate probably will vary, according to Jorde, depending on how old the parents are, particularly the father, when they reproduce. To find the locations where parental chromosomes exchange genetic information, which are called crossover sites, the researchers compared variations in the parents' DNA sequences to their children's, looking for blocks of DNA that the son and daughter inherited intact from the parents. When they found blocks that were interrupted, the researchers concluded they'd identified the crossover sites. "We found that 60 percent of the crossovers take place in specific hotspots on the chromosomes," Jorde said. "We were able to locate these sites right down to the base pairs." Future Studies The study opens the door for numerous other investigations in the future. Jorde expects researchers will use family sequence analysis to begin narrowing down the genetic causes of more common diseases. And, as the cost of genome sequencing continues to drop—the Human Genome Project cost about $3 billion, and now individuals can get their genome sequenced for $5,000 to $10,000—it will be an important part of individual medical records, the researchers believe. "We would predict that the information derived from family genomes, along with relevant environmental and medical information, will constitute the medical records of the future," the study concludes. Along with the Institute for Systems Biology and the University of Utah, researchers in genetics and pediatrics from the University of Washington contributed to the study. Jared C. Roach, M.D., Ph.D., Gustavo Glusman, Ph.D., and Arian F.A. Smit, Ph.D., all of the Institute for Systems Biology, were the study's co-first authors along with the University of Utah's Chad D. Huff, Ph.D. --- On the Net: Five Filters featured article: Chilcot Inquiry. Available tools: PDF Newspaper, Full Text RSS, Term Extraction. |
| Institute for Systems Biology Uses Complete Genomics ... - Genetic Engineering News Posted: 11 Mar 2010 07:32 AM PST Mar 11 2010, 10:37 AM EST Institute for Systems Biology Uses Complete Genomics' Sequencing Service to Validate Miller Syndrome GeneGEN News Highlights The Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) employed Complete Genomics' human genome sequencing service to sequence a family quartet to verify the gene responsible for Miller syndrome and to estimate the intergenerational mutation rate. The researchers also aimed to determine the depth of genetic information possible in analyzing a full family's sequence. The study titled "Analysis of Genetic Inheritance in a Family Quartet by Whole Genome Sequencing" will be published in Science. The four-member family that was analyzed comprised two children who had Miller syndrome and ciliary dyskinesia, a lung disorder similar to cystic fibrosis, but neither parent was affected. Complete Genomics sequenced the four genomes to a depth of 51x to 88x, and 85–92% of the bases in each genome were called. A comparative analysis of the four genomes yielded four genes consistent with recessive inheritance of rare variations. One of these genes called DHODH was concurrently identified as a cause of Miller syndrome and reported in Nature Genetics in January. Mutations in a second gene, DNAH5, were previously shown to cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. "We are convinced that this new kind of analysis, family sequencing, will be a remarkably powerful scientific and medical tool in the future," says David Galas, professor and svp of ISB.
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